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The Rise of Political Islam in Turkey 

19 Kasım 2023
Okuma süresi: 3 dakika
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The rise of political Islam in Turkey is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that has evolved over several decades. Understanding this involves looking at historical, political, and social factors. Here is a brief overview:

Historical Context:

  • Turkey has a long history of secularism, dating back to the early 20th century when Mustafa Kemal Atatürk founded the modern Turkish state. Atatürk implemented a series of reforms aimed at secularizing and modernizing the country.
  • However, over time, there has been a tension between the secularist establishment and more conservative, religious segments of society.

Political Landscape:

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  • The Justice and Development Party (AKP), led by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, played a pivotal role in the rise of political Islam in Turkey. The party was founded in 2001 and came to power in 2002.
  • The AKP presented itself as a conservative democratic party and initially focused on economic reforms. Over time, however, critics argued that it pursued policies that reflected a more Islamist agenda.

Economic Factors:

  • The AKP government implemented successful economic policies, leading to improved living standards for many Turks. This contributed to the party’s popularity and electoral success.

Changes in the Political Landscape:

  • The AKP gradually shifted its focus towards a more conservative and Islamic agenda. This was reflected in policies related to education, social issues, and the public sector.
  • There was a growing influence of religious discourse in public life, including in politics and education.

Challenges to Secularism:

  • Some critics argue that the AKP’s policies eroded the secular principles established by Atatürk. This led to tensions between secularists and those supporting a more Islamic-oriented political system.

Authoritarianism Concerns:

  • As the AKP consolidated power, concerns emerged about the erosion of democratic institutions and increasing authoritarianism. These concerns intensified after events like the Gezi Park protests in 2013.

Foreign Policy Dynamics:

  • Turkey’s foreign policy under Erdoğan also shifted, and it played a more assertive role in the Middle East. This led to debates about the influence of political Islam in shaping Turkey’s international relations.

Post-2016 Coup Attempt:

  • The attempted coup in 2016 had a significant impact on Turkish politics. Erdoğan’s government accused Fethullah Gülen, a cleric in self-imposed exile, of orchestrating the coup. Gülen’s movement had previously been aligned with the AKP, but a fallout occurred, leading to a crackdown on Gülen supporters.

The rise of political Islam in Turkey is a dynamic process with ongoing developments. It involves a complex interplay of political, social, and historical factors, and perspectives on this phenomenon can vary widely depending on one’s political stance and perspective within Turkish society.

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